初二期末英语语法知识点总结归纳( 二 )

say/speak/talk/tell
say：是最口语化的最普通的一个词，意为“说出”、“说道”，着重所说的话。如：
“I want to go thereby bus” , he said . 他说，“我要坐汽车到那里去。”Please say it in English .请用英语说。
speak : “说话”，着重开口发声，不着重所说的内容，一般用作不及物动词 (即后面不能直接接宾语 )。如：Can you speak about him? 你能不能说说他的情况?I don’t like tospeak like this. 我不喜欢这样说话。
speak 作及物动词解时，只能和某种语言等连用，表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的能力。
如：She speaks Englishwell.她英语说得好。
talk : 与 speak 意义相近，也着重说话的动作，而不着重所说的话，因此，一般也只用作不及物动词，不过，talk 暗示话是对某人说的，有较强的对话意味，着重指连续地和别人谈话。如：I would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他谈那件事。Oldwomen like to talk with children.老年妇女喜欢和孩子们交谈。
tell : “告诉”,除较少情况外，一般后面总接双宾语。如：He’s telling me a story.他在给我讲故事。
tell alie 撒谎 tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth 如：.Miss Zhaooften tells us to study hard.
3.初二期末英语语法知识点总结归纳
1.由that引导，由于that没有任何意义，也不充当任何句子成分。因此that在非正式文体中可以省略。这类宾语从句通常表达一种陈述意义。
e.g.Hetold me (that) he would go to Wuhan.
Tom says(that) he must study hard.
She toldme (that) she was a student.
(1)如果由and连接两个并列的宾语从句时，第二个that则不能省略。
e.g.Shesaid she liked English very much and that she didn’t like mathat all.
(2)常接that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词有：believe, expect, explain, feel, hear, hope, imagine, prefer,promise, report, say, see, tell, think, understand, warn, wish等。
2.由连接代词或连接副词who,whose, what, which, when, where, how, why引导，含有“谁、什么、哪个、什么时候、什么地方、怎样、为什么”等特殊疑问意义。
e.g.Doyou know who they’re talking about?
Can youtell me what they’re looking for?
I don’t know whereshe has gone.
I wonderhow she can find us.
She didn’t tell mewhere her hometown was.
3.由从属连词whether和if引导，含有“是否，能否，对否，有否”等一般疑问意义。
e.g.Sheasked me if I could help her.
Jimwanted to know whether I had taken his English book.
Pleasetell me whether you can come or not.
在这类宾语从句中要注意两点：
(1)if引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别
if引导宾语从句时意为“是否”，从句中该用什么时态就应用什么时态。
if引导条件状语从句时意为“假如”，从句中应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
e.g.Shewanted to know if you were a teacher.
I don’t know ifthe letter is yours.
They’ll goboating if it is fine tomorrow.
I’ll give itto her if she comes next week.
(2)if引导宾语从句时多数情况下可以与whether互换，但如果要突出“究竟是……还是不……”这层意思时，通常用whether，并在后面的加上“or not”，即一般要选择whether构成whether…or not的结构。
e.g.Pleasefind out whether the money is his or not.
Let meknow whether you can come or not.
【初二期末英语语法知识点总结归纳】I wantto know whether you can help me or not.